MSTD_EU_AU_P5101. Latest News: need cat flash file Cluster LAND ROVER Discovery 3 PINOUT BENCH search file for vw dash 7E0920860A Maserati DPF Off Nissan Qashqai 2. leon16 Location Offline Senior Member Reputation: 1. Here's how to check online. Any help would be appreciated. Joined Aug 1, 2023 Messages 3 Reaction score 0 Points 1 Location Cork. Hello, I have audi a3 8v with MSTD_EU_AU_P5101. 11-20-2019, 02:14 PM E83 2004 bmw maps. This is shown in the first column of the diagram below. Map and Software updates. But nothing happen either using. Audi A3 / S3 / RS 3 - MMI Generation ? - Hello Guys, how can i know my MMI generation, since i only know i have this software MSTD_EU_AU_P5101, and is there any software update new features ?. cristig89 Location Offline Junior Member Reputation: 1. Press and hold the MENU button on the radio until another menu appears and select Software update/versions. Joined. As I understand there are two ways: 1. Bose sound package might require parameterziation after update. Tienes un Mib1 de los de primer generación, así que de origen, no podría activarse Android Auto. clone simillar sd. Navigation is already activated in the display but not released. Hello, I Have Audi A3 8V With Mstd_Eu_Au_P5101. Latest News: John Deere 8530 Tractor IVT Transmission Calibration Fails Help Daf XF immo off - Bosch 0281010045 MAGPRO2 X17 Mater lifetime license Dodge ram W212 Blind Sport Assist Module. . ” MSTD_EU_VW_P3350 “Installed SW MU Version:” 0430 “Part Number:” 5G0035874. 3. B. : !!!Ексклузивно за Ауди модели a3, s3, rs3 произведени от 2013* до 2016* !! и работещи със СД карта. Can anybody have mstd 2014 Card backup?Can anybody have mstd 2014 Card backup? Remind me,I'll send you backup Can you send a couple to me too? (01-23-2021, 04:54 AM) knaudio Wrote: (01-22-2021, 01:10 PM) miim113 Wrote: Hi. 4 worked for me but others had to do 1. can anyone help me?i pay for this of course version on nav MSTD_EU_AU_P5101 Thanks given by: Reply. I bought car without navi maps sd card. Make sure you stay on track and download the latest updates for your navigation system by following these simple steps. i heard that there is a newer one. e. buy sd maps like 8v0919866c (depending on years) or 2. 0 TDI 150 S LINE Année 2015, référence logiciel : MMI MIB1 version MSTD_EU_AU_P3151. I own a Audi A3 Cabroilet 2015, MMi version mstd_eu_au_p3151 i ve seen some dudes on youtube upgrading it to the point they put apple carplay is there any trustable way to. 1 Menu overview The Figure 2 shows all the menu and submenus of the demonstration. I literally have no idea what any of it means and didn’t know if anyone can advise what I need to do or download to get the correct software. This will download a small Java app that you can run, which will then download the map updates. Audi Map 2018-2019 6. Possibly Related Threads…. 1. 6tdi Auto, SatNav is not enabled (that's the issue) Most Train Version: MTSD_EU_AU_P2440 MU Software: 0370 Bluetooth ver. Sadly, since VWAG and VW of America are separate companies, as usual there's no official NAR maps link. • Latest possible firmware update: MSTD_EU_VW_P5301 (MU: 0486, details). I bought car without navi maps sd card. Înscris: 22 Iun 2018 Locație: Bucuresti Masina: Audi A6, 2. 640. The current firmware is MSTD_EU_AU_K3151. Download firmware updates from here. Hi, is there any link for downloading maps for: mstd_eu_au_p3151. Threaded Mode | Linear Mode. I bought car without navi maps sd card. Dears, i've recently purchased Audi A3 S line 2016, when i press NAV button on the steering wheel it says " Navigation System Not Installed", my software version is " MSTD_EU_AU_P5101", how can i install the navigation with Jordan MAP. Fix "B201A - Checking SVM" fault after update here. Map update is the one you want. Latest possible firmware update: MST2_EU_VW_P0883D (MU: 0883, details). 27. (Screen similar to below will show). OR remote activation. 11. . Bose sound package might require parameterziation after update. Latest News: need cat flash file Cluster LAND ROVER Discovery 3 PINOUT BENCH search file for vw dash 7E0920860A Maserati DPF Off Nissan Qashqai 2. Y-a-t-il une différence entre la version 2016 par rapport à ma version ? Merci pour votre aide, Cordialement. sth. But what dou you think you will gain with the new soft (which is free of charge ofc)hi, its for a customers car. 'Golf from 2017' for MY2017) Step 2: Pick your navigation system (i. Hope all doing great. buy sd maps like 8v0919866c (depending on years) or 2. txt. VAG Can Professional. These updates should be made when You have SVM connection, because restoring FEC/SWAP and parametrisation of unit may be required. 0 tdi egr cool bolt sizes. . 11. Download firmware updates from here. CarTechnoloGY > All About IMMO/ECU , ChiPTuninG , Dashboard , Locksmith , AirbaG , Carradio > CARRADIO / NAVIGATION > Map Activation. 3. Feedback. Download firmware updates from here. Qu'est-ce que ça veut dire ?Quite a big leap for me, if you take in account that i was with a Golf 4 from 2004 until now - and still have the old "brother" around in top notch for its age! Anyway, i've gone with the Composition Media and the software version is 0421. Map Activation. OR remote activation. Latest possible firmware update: MSTD_EU_AU_P5101 (MU: 0461, details). @chelnov nu pot sa dau PM ca sunt nou, de aceea intreb aici. Just to confirm this FSC activator is working on Hnav (3G high) maps 6. I have the normal (small) MMI with the Connectivity Pack and i am Running Version MSTD_EU_AU_P2440. Audi Map 2018-2019 6. If you have a problem with unzipping files, please use 7zip, also if it shows you that files is corrupted it. Like: MSTD_EU_AU_P3151 Hope some one can upload the files. I am interested also for MIB1 lifetime maps upgrade. : !!!Ексклузивно за Ауди модели a3, s3, rs3 произведени от 2013* до 2016* !! и работещи със СД карта. MSTD_EU_AU_P5101. Audi A3 / S3 / RS 3 - MMI Generation ? - Hello Guys, how can i know my MMI generation, since i only know i have this software MSTD_EU_AU_P5101, and is there any software update new features ?. Can anybody have mstd 2014 Card backup? Remind me,I'll send you backup Can you send a couple to me too? (01-23-2021, 04:54 AM) knaudio Wrote: (01-22-2021, 01:10 PM) miim113 Wrote: Hi. Units :HARMAN MIB 1, 2, 2. 3. Software version: MSTD_EU_AU_P5101 Nav db version: 8V091866D 0054 ECE 2016. . I have found Mr. Durante el proceso, también se realiza la instalación de las licencias para futuras actualizaciones de Mapas de Audi. Mine cost $20. AUDI / VW / SEAT / SKODA / POSRCHE Full solution for sale. Kolačiće upotrebljavamo kako bismo personalizirali sadržaj i olgase, omogućili značajke društvenih medija i analizirali promet. MSTD_EU_VW_P3163 and version 0421 . Many Thanks SEHR INTERESSIERT AN TH vw GROUP AKTIVIERUNGEN KÖNNEN SIE MICH BITTE WIEDER RUFEN Hello I am urgently looking for Audi A3 8V MMI firmware audi mstd_eu_au_p5101 with activator for navigation. Hello, I have audi a3 8v with MSTD_EU_AU_P5101. Current SW MU Version: 0421. Bemærk tilbehør koden som skal passe med din bil. 27. OR remote activation. 22-11-2018, 07:55 AM. That's my firmware version. 3775 Software Ver. Hej Guys anyone got firmware for Audi A3 8V: MSTD_EU_AU_P2440. Downloading Map Updates-1) Get a 32 Gig SD memory card. Hi, I am wanting to get navigation setup after recent purchase of 2015 Audi a3 8V. Select the firmware by pressing the big knob once. MHIG_EU_AU_K0337_1. I bought car without navi maps sd card. Thanks Given: 48 Thanks Received: 18 (17 Posts) Posts: 236 Threads: 97 Joined: Feb 2012 1 11-09-2019, 07:35 PM . . Units :HARMAN MIB 1, 2, 2. Bose sound package might require parameterziation after update. i heard that there is a newer one. Update in MST2 Discover Media: Old MIB1 Discover Media (SW Train: MSTD) is no longer supported. If first owner paid some extra services, then you can have few updates free & legal. i heard that there is a newer one. * Най-Новите sd Карти за Европа България Гърция и ТУРЦИЯ за 2023/2024 година. Find out if your Audi, VW, Seat, Skoda Infotainment System is MIB1 or MIB2This applies only to Audi A3, MY2013/14/15, PR-I8D MMI Radio MIB Standard Europe = EU Will update 5F to ver. I have the normal (small) MMI with the Connectivity Pack and i am Running Version MSTD_EU_AU_P2440. Aug 14, 2021. also some models are VWG13 which means its is VW with a 9. Thanks in advance!acabo de adquirir un a3 sporback y viene con mmi version MSTD EU AU P3151 mi pregunta es si le puedo instalar los mapas de navegacion. 10. 6tdi Auto, SatNav is not enabled (that's the issue) Most Train Version:Maybe i have it, if i have is Free. I was wondering if there was any possible update for my 2013 mk7. Latest available firmware updates: Latest official firmware update: MSTD_EU_AU_P5101 (MU: 0461, details). VW Golf Mk7 mib1 firmware update. Discover Media or Discover Pro) Step 3: Scroll down the webpage and search for the. I only found a soft MSTD_EU_AU_K3151_ (A3). Hello Dears, I've recently purchased Audi A3 2016 (sedan) 1. I've Download from the link. 0. Codrin T. . Map Activation - Arnie2509 - 18-02-2019 Hi, I am wanting to get navigation setup after recent purchase of 2015 Audi a3 8V. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. Any help would be appreciated. clone simillar sd. Go to the Engineering Menu in your MMI, insert the SD card in slot 1, and choose the “Update” option, select source – SD card slot (SD1) – choose the firmware, and select “Standard” on the next screen, the MMI update should take around 30-60 minutes. Latest available firmware updates: Latest official firmware update: MST2_EU_AU_ (MU: , details ). For audi A3 8V with software MSTD_EU_AU_P2440 i can update with this firmware update? And maps acctualy are 8V0060866E_0064_ECE_2017 i cant update tothe lastest? Thanks!Downloads 0 Uploads 0. 75 GB ↓) 2020 RoW (MRM1: Australia, New. Kindly use the appropriate template to upload your PTRC returns. Audi A3 / S3 / RS 3. audi. I bought car without navi maps sd card. Automotive Repair Shop(17-01-2022, 11:56 AM) kaiserstumm Wrote: MSTD_EU_VW_P4470_SW0450 - 5G00358xx i can upload. Reply Subscribe . See less See more Save Share. My Software version is MSTD_EU_AU_P5101. Firmware: Firmware MHIG_EU_AU_P1531 GPS Maps: 2018-2019 Download section, see bottom of this page. Audi Year: 2015. Se hele annoncen. Units :HARMAN MIB 1, 2, 2. Posted January 27 (edited) Does anyone know where I can obtain map updates for my MMI? I currently have 2014 maps and would like to get up to date ones. Mener den passer til en A4. AUDI / VW / SEAT / SKODA / POSRCHE Full solution for sale. MTSD_EU_AU_P2440 No simcard slot, SD slot present, DVD (or CD) drive present I would like to update the software and activate the satnav, if. As I understand there are two ways: 1. 27. clone simillar sd. 5 - AU, VW, SK, SE, PORSCHE; DELPH(08-12-2020, 03:29 AM)blacmirror Wrote: Hello and welcome. psilo87. - appuyer sur le bouton "Setup" ou "Menu". Under networking change "bluetooth avrcp" to a lower version. Download firmware updates from here . This was purchased off Upgrademyaudi. Fix "B201A - Checking SVM" fault after update here. 2 8R0060884FKThread Closed . MMI 3G firmware update version selection. Hope all doing great. Crypto VCID: 3461FE739FF34781BB3-8061. 4 public beta Loading all MSTD maps. 75 GB ↓) 2020 RoW (MRM1: Australia, New. Latest possible firmware update: MSTD_EU_AU_P5101 (MU: 0461, details). As I understand there are two ways: 1. Now select "Version Information". Threaded Mode | Linear Mode. Bose sound package might require parameterziation after update. clone simillar sd. (06-17-2020, 02:38 PM)Arm3 Wrote: Hello, I have audi a3 8v with MSTD_EU_AU_P5101. $91. It's better to upgrade to MHS2 or MHI2, but the upgrade is costly (7" display for ~200 usd, unit itself between 300 and 800 usd, depending on the part number, center console controls, another 100-200 usd and the work with ODIS). 5 - AU, VW, SK, SE, PORSCHE; DELPH(08-12-2020, 03:29 AM)blacmirror Wrote: Hello and welcome. teveo Location Offline Junior Member Reputation: 0. Navigation is already activated in the display but not released. 27. I have the normal (small) MMI with the Connectivity Pack and i am Running Version MSTD_EU_AU_P2440. Navigation is already activated in the display but not released. buy sd maps like 8v0919866c (depending on years) or 2. STS is a Security Requirements modeling tool. Versione Software MSTD_EU_P5101 Banca dati versione: 8V0919866D 0054 ECE 2016 TomTom Info modelli / bootloader / navcore / mappe Mappe 1115 - Compatibilit. Avrei bisogno delle mappe più recenti per un Audi A3 3 serie del 2015. Reply. (08-12-2020, 03:29 AM)blacmirror Wrote: Hello and welcome. (06-17-2020, 02:38 PM)Arm3 Wrote: Hello, I have audi a3 8v with MSTD_EU_AU_P5101. Audi A3 MSTD_EU_AU the newest firmweare need - MHH AUTO - Page 1. Download firmware updates from here. Latest possible firmware update: MSTD_EU_AU_P5101 (MU: 0461, details). MK7 Golf GTI -DSG - Indium Grey Metallic, 5 door. OR remote activation. I've managed to download MSTD_EU_AU_K3151_(A3) software, but i thought it's better to ask before I brick my car. Kindly someone guide me where can I download the Infotainment firmware upgrades. Hello, I have such a system in the Audi A3 USA. Current Software Version: MSTD_EU_VW_P3163. 2. Apr 20, 2022 #2 Try registering for my. . 21 shipping. Download firmware updates from here. Download firmware updates from here. i heard that there is a newer one. AUDI / VW / SEAT / SKODA / POSRCHE Full solution for sale. Download firmware updates from here. MSTD_EU Firmware update. Bose sound package might require parameterziation after update. 33. 2 Hnav maps. buy sd maps like 8v0919866c (depending on years) or 2. Hello Guys, i am looking for the Update Software for my MMI. Fix "B201A - Checking SVM" fault after update here. teveo Location Offline Junior Member Reputation: 0. 3,901. Thanks Given: 139 Thanks Received: 4 (3 Posts) Posts: 146 Threads: 62MSTD begin to explore a variety of chromatin structures, including multi-scale TADs, PTADs and PADs from diverse chromatin contact maps, especially promoter capture Hi-C maps. 57 GB) P57_N60S3MIBS2_ROW_NT. Europe (EU: full) 2020/2021 (size: 6. 6tdi Auto, SatNav is not enabled (that's the issue) Most Train Version: MTSD_EU_AU_P2440 MU Software: 0370 Bluetooth ver. Maybe somebody can help or send clone maps? ENTER SW TRAIN Loading tool. MSTD_EU_AU_P5101 8V0919866C 0045 ECE 2015. The curent version is BNav EU P0022 D1. Mesajele publicate aici apartin exclusiv celor care le-au exprimat si nu implica responsabilitatea detinatorilor acestui site sau a marcii. obrien94 New. As I understand there are two ways: 1. The MIB 2 units were introduced somewhere in between 2016 and 2018 and have two silver buttons around the rotary. 133_STD_EU Reply More posts you. The firmware version is MSTD_EU_AU_P5101 . I have the normal (small) MMI with the Connectivity Pack and i am Running Version MSTD_EU_AU_P2440. 5 - AU, VW, SK, SE, PORSCHE; DELPHCan anybody have mstd 2014 Card backup? Remind me,I'll send you backup Can you send a couple to me too? (01-23-2021, 04:54 AM) knaudio Wrote: (01-22-2021, 01:10 PM) miim113 Wrote: Hi. Seat Adjustment Driver Side: Subsystem 1 - Part No SW: 8V0 919 603 B HW: 8V0 919 603 B. 32. Messages In This Thread: Audi A3 8V mib std sd maps - by Arm3 - 06-17-2020, 02:38 PM. Audi. Im from Dubai. Thanks Given: 139 Thanks Received: 4 (3 Posts) Posts: 147 Threads: 63he guys i need software update for mib1 std an enable satnav. I have the normal (small) MMI with the Connectivity Pack and i am Running Version MSTD_EU_AU_P2440. The software is MSTD_EU_AU_P3151 and navigation is 8V0919866A 0021 ECE 2013. Bose sound package might require parameterziation after. 20-sep-2020 20:23 #34 Cita de konk. 138_STDNav_EUI have the normal (small) MMI with the Connectivity Pack and i am Running Version MSTD_EU_AU_P2440. 3. I've learned that there is quite a few versions of Audi's MMI, I'm not sure if my is high, low, or whatever else. OR remote activation. 27. Bose sound package might require parameterziation after update. Audi Map 2018-2019 6. Software version: MSTD_EU_AU_P5101 Nav db version: 8V091866D 0054 ECE 2016 • 22-11-2018, 07:55 AM, Post: #208. Aug 14, 2023 #2 . Disks missing. (06-17-2020, 02:38 PM)Arm3 Wrote: Hello, I have audi a3 8v with MSTD_EU_AU_P5101. Watched some youtube video's and was send to MIB solution website were i noticed that my software version is not available there. Step 1: Select your car and model year (i. Updates for the multimedia and navigation system in your 2013-present Audi 8V A3 may be available. Audio, Video and Security Discussion - MMI Generation ? - Hello Dears, I've recently purchased Audi A3 Sedan 2016 1. - No Bluetooth function (no telephone in screen main menu) - NAV button available only on steering wheel (*not available under arm rest/ TONE instead)Hi, i have octavia a7 with this head unit sw train: MSTD_EU_SK_P3420 sw mu: 0435 part number: 5E0035874A software version: 13. Like: MSTD_EU_AU_P3151 Hope some one can upload the files. 21 shipping + $20. train: MHI2_TW_VW48x_P0725 MU0725. Select the update you want (complete or not) and click Prepare Package. Versiune software: MSTD_EU_AU_P5101 Mersi! cocostaec, 7 Aug 2020 #288. can anyone help me?i pay for this of course version on nav MSTD_EU_AU_P5101 Thanks given by: Reply. sth. 4 TSFI (125HP), and im trying to know what is my MMI generation in order to buy the correct carkit airplay for it, so far i only know my existing software version which is MSTD_EU_AU_P5101 my first. MSTD_EU_AU_P3151 8V0919866A 0021 ECE 2013 Did find all the other A models in this thread, but not the A3. Threaded Mode | Linear Mode. A SOCIAL AND ORGANISATIONAL APPROACH TO SECURITY ENGINEERING. Download firmware updates from here. Hi looking for someone who can provide me with the latest firmware update for the following system: Part No: 5G0 035 874. Navigation is already activated in the display but not released. I bought car without navi maps sd card. sth. GPS navigation maps updates (found 2 regions): 2020/2021 Europe (EU: full) (6. I bought car without navi maps sd card. 15. [Цена 150лв]. Moirten. clone simillar sd card. clone simillar sd card. Threaded Mode | Linear Mode. 133_STD_EU I'm having bluetooth issues (very poor audio on phone calls) since moving to a newer phone and it seems that I need a newer version of the Bolero software to resolve. MHH AUTO FORUMS. Software codes: 0435, MSTD_EU_SK_P3420. GPS navigation maps updates (found 2 regions): 2020/2021 Europe (EU: full) (6. 13-11-2018, 14:58 PM, (This post was last modified: 13-11-2018, 14:59 PM by audia4. 2 8R0060884FKMy Software version is MSTD_EU_AU_P5101. Hi everyone, I've just bought an audi a3 1. 3 mesaje • Pagina 1 din 11 din 1SEHR INTERESSIERT AN TH vw GROUP AKTIVIERUNGEN KÖNNEN SIE MICH BITTE WIEDER RUFEN Hello I am urgently looking for Audi A3 8V MMI firmware audi mstd_eu_au_p5101 with activator for navigation. Threaded Mode | Linear Mode. Downloads 0 Uploads 0. 57 GB) P57_N60S3MIBS2_ROW_NT. buy sd maps like 8v0919866c (depending on years) or 2. Hello, I have audi a3 8v with MSTD_EU_AU_P5101. JohnM100. 75 GB) P94_N60S3MIBS2_EU_NT. Maybe i have it, if i have is Free. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. Software: MSTD_EU_VW_P3350. 4 public beta Loading all MSTD maps. Welcome to world's most trustworthy automotive forum. Audi a3 8v mib1 std firmware update - MHH AUTO - Page 1. AUDI / VW / SEAT / SKODA / POSRCHE Full solution for sale. 0. Loaded MIB-Helper v0. OBD eleven suggested the new update but there is no way to change it within the app. As the title says. Loaded MIB-Helper v0. ) Post: #201#20115-08-2014, 15:04 PM, Post: #1. Latest possible firmware update: MST2_EU_AU_P0965D (MU: 0965, details ). Come da titolo ho bisogno di aggiornare un MMi di una Audi A3 del 2015, sapete dirmi se effettivamente è fattibile, e quale versione dei vari. MMI Model/Generation ? Dears, how can i know my MMI (multi Media Interface) Model or generation, i only know my software version which is " MSTD_EU_AU_P5101 Car Info:. Now, putting aside all the external windshield/vent mounted units I was hoping you could help me to choose the best way to go with update/replacement of the existing infotainment unit. . Then installation of the EU software. buy sd maps like 8v0919866c (depending on years) or 2. So does anyone know were i can download the proper software for my MIB-1? Thanks in advance!version on nav MSTD_EU_AU_P5101 Thanks given by: Reply. Many Thanks Maybe i have it, if i have is Free. sth. Software/kort, Audi, Original Audi SAT NAV SD kort til Europa ver. C. : C:Volkswagen) Double click the application to start it. 05-05-2004 09:56 PM. Author: Kazkox. Back to Subforum. Logiciel diagnostic, cartes gps, revues techniques automobile et utilitaires Win/iOS/APK. VCDS Map User. clone simillar sd. clone simillar sd card. MIB2 2021 Solutions + Patches / CP Off + FEC/SWaP Update 11/2021. Since the update I have lost both bluetooth and voice functions. [Цена 150лв]. Thanks given by: Reply. com. 27. Fix "B201A - Checking SVM" fault after update here. 3) Click on the quotAudi connect servicesquot icon (below the car). Fix "B201A - Checking SVM" fault after update here. Thanks Given: 139 Thanks Received: 4. mstd_eu_au_p3151 Jun 3, 2020 21:51:23 GMT via mobile . SW Train - mstd_eu_vw_p3163. Chciałbym zaktualizować mapy i jak można to. sth. To have EU languages. I've managed to download MSTD_EU_AU_K3151_ (A3) software, but i thought it's better to ask before I brick my car. 2_h11. I have the normal (small) MMI with the Connectivity Pack and i am Running Version MSTD_EU_AU_P2440. VW Golf Mk7 mib1 firmware update. I own a Audi A3 Cabroilet 2015, MMi version mstd_eu_au_p3151 i ve seen some dudes on youtube upgrading it to the point they put apple carplay is there any trustable way to. MMI 3G Console. Latest possible firmware update: MSTD_EU_AU_P5101 (MU: 0461, details). RE: Audi A3 8V MMi firmware and maps update. Threaded Mode | Linear Mode. I am interested also for MIB1 lifetime maps upgrade. (23-04-2018, 19:50 PM)birca Wrote: I have Audi A3, year 2014 with software MSTD_EU_AU_P3151. Download firmware updates from here. Fix "B201A - Checking SVM" fault after update here. Latest available firmware updates: Latest official firmware update: MSTD_EU_AU_P5101 (MU: 0461, details). Description. clone simillar sd card. Audi A3 Soft. Sound System: Subsystem 2 - Part No SW: 8V0 919 614 B HW: 8V0 919 614 B. Scroll down with the big knob and select the source in the menu ( SD 1) MMI 3G source selection. Come da titolo ho bisogno di aggiornare un MMi di una Audi A3 del 2015, sapete dirmi se effettivamente è fattibile, e quale versione dei vari.